Skills

Two things get you hired: what you can build, and how well you can explain it.

Field of study

Branch / programme

Technical Skills

Tools, languages, frameworks and stacks for your branch.

Programming

The core habit of turning ideas into working code.

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C

The language closest to the hardware.

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C++

Performance plus object-oriented design.

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Python

The fastest way to automate, analyse and prototype.

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Java

Enterprise-grade, strongly typed and everywhere in service companies.

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Embedded Systems

Software that runs directly on microcontrollers.

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IoT

Connecting devices to the internet and to each other.

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Artificial Intelligence

Making systems that reason, generate and decide.

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Machine Learning

Learning patterns from data to make predictions.

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MATLAB

The standard tool for signals, control and simulation.

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FPGA

Reconfigurable hardware you program with HDL.

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VLSI

Designing integrated circuits from RTL to layout.

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PCB Design

Turning a circuit into a manufacturable board.

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Git & GitHub

Version control and collaboration.

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Linux

The operating system engineering runs on.

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JavaScript

The language of the browser and much of the modern backend.

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TypeScript

JavaScript with a type system that catches bugs before they ship.

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Go

A simple, fast language built for servers and tooling.

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Rust

Systems performance without memory bugs.

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Kotlin

A modern JVM language and the default for Android.

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Swift

Apple's language for iOS, iPadOS and macOS apps.

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SQL

The query language every database speaks.

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R Programming

A statistics-first language for analysis and research.

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PHP

The language behind a large share of the existing web.

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Data Structures

Arrays, lists, trees, graphs, heaps and hash tables.

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Algorithms (DSA)

Searching, sorting, recursion, DP and graph algorithms.

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DBMS

How databases store, index and guarantee data.

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Operating Systems

Processes, threads, memory, scheduling and file systems.

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Computer Networks

How packets, protocols and the internet actually work.

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OOP Concepts

Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and abstraction.

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Compiler Design

Lexing, parsing, semantic analysis and code generation.

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Theory of Computation

Automata, grammars, decidability and complexity.

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Software Engineering

Requirements, design, testing, versioning and delivery.

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System Design

Designing scalable, reliable services end to end.

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HTML/CSS

The structure and styling layer of every web page.

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React.js

Component-based UI building for the web.

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Next.js

A full-stack React framework with routing and rendering built in.

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Node.js

JavaScript on the server.

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Express.js

A minimal Node framework for building HTTP servers.

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REST APIs

Designing resource-based HTTP interfaces.

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GraphQL

A query language that lets clients ask for exactly what they need.

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Django

A batteries-included Python web framework.

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Flask

A tiny Python framework for APIs and small apps.

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Spring Boot

The standard Java framework for enterprise services.

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WordPress

The CMS behind a huge share of the world's websites.

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Android Development (Kotlin)

Building native Android apps with Kotlin.

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iOS Development (Swift)

Building native iPhone and iPad apps with Swift and SwiftUI.

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Flutter

One Dart codebase for Android, iOS and web.

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React Native

Cross-platform mobile apps using React.

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Deep Learning

Neural networks for vision, speech and language.

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Natural Language Processing

Making machines work with human language.

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Computer Vision

Teaching machines to interpret images and video.

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Reinforcement Learning

Agents that learn by trial, error and reward.

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TensorFlow

Google's production framework for machine learning.

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PyTorch

The research-favourite deep learning framework.

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Pandas & NumPy

The core Python toolkit for arrays and tabular data.

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Data Analysis

Turning raw data into decisions.

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Data Visualization

Communicating findings with clear charts.

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Big Data (Hadoop/Spark)

Processing datasets too large for one machine.

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Data Engineering

Building reliable pipelines that move and shape data.

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AWS

Amazon's cloud platform for compute, storage and services.

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Microsoft Azure

Microsoft's cloud, dominant in enterprises.

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Google Cloud Platform

Google's cloud, strong in data and ML.

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Docker

Packaging apps into portable containers.

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Kubernetes

Orchestrating containers across a cluster.

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CI/CD Pipelines

Automating build, test and deploy.

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Shell Scripting

Automating tasks with the command line.

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Terraform

Infrastructure defined as code.

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Bash Scripting

Writing robust Bash for Linux automation.

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Network Security

Protecting traffic, devices and boundaries.

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Ethical Hacking

Attacking systems legally to find weaknesses.

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Cryptography

Keeping data secret and verifiable with maths.

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Web App Security

Finding and fixing flaws in web applications.

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Penetration Testing

Structured, reported testing of live systems.

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Microcontrollers (Arduino/ESP32)

Programming small chips that control real hardware.

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PLC Programming

Ladder logic and industrial automation controllers.

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Digital Signal Processing

Filtering and transforming signals in the digital domain.

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Robotics

Combining sensing, control and actuation.

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Control Systems

Making systems stable and responsive with feedback.

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Power Systems

Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity.

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Electrical Machines

Motors, generators and transformers in practice.

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Renewable Energy Systems

Solar, wind and storage system design.

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VLSI Design

RTL to layout design of integrated circuits.

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FPGA Design

Reconfigurable hardware design with HDL.

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Digital Electronics

Logic gates, flip-flops and combinational design.

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AutoCAD

2D drafting used across mechanical and civil work.

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SolidWorks

3D parametric modelling for mechanical parts.

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CATIA

Advanced surface and assembly modelling.

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ANSYS

Simulation of stress, thermal and fluid behaviour.

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Revit

BIM modelling for buildings and services.

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STAAD Pro

Structural analysis and design software.

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Thermodynamics

Energy, heat and work in real systems.

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Fluid Mechanics

Behaviour of liquids and gases in motion.

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Structural Analysis

Predicting how structures carry load.

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Surveying

Measuring land and setting out works.

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Blockchain

Distributed ledgers and smart contracts.

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AR/VR Development

Building immersive 3D experiences.

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Quantum Computing Basics

Qubits, gates and quantum algorithms.

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Edge Computing

Running compute close to where data is produced.

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Manual Testing

Systematically finding defects by hand.

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Selenium (Automation Testing)

Automating browser tests.

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API Testing (Postman)

Verifying backend endpoints directly.

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Excel (Advanced)

Formulas, pivots and modelling in spreadsheets.

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Power BI

Business dashboards on the Microsoft stack.

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Tableau

Visual analytics for business data.

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Figma (UI/UX Basics)

Designing and prototyping interfaces.

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